13-18. On Allah's Hands (Kitāb al-Tawḥīd (The Book on Monotheism) by Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. Isḥāq b. Khuzaymah)
10. On Allah’s Hands
Allah
has two hands (yadān). He has told us in the holy Qur’ān that He created Adam
with his two hands (yadāyhu). He said to Satan: “What prevents you from
prostrating yourself to the one whom I have created with my hand (yadī)?” (Q
38:75) The Jews have been reported by Allah to have said: “Allah's hand (yad)
is tied up.” (Q 05:64) Allah negated their views and said: “Nay, both His
hands (yadāhu) are widely outstretched: He gives and spends as He pleases.”
(Q 05:64) He also told us that, on the Day of Judgment, the entire earth
shall be in His grasp and all the heavens shall be rolled up in His right
hand (yamīnihī). He also referred to His hands in the following verse: “The
Hand of Allah (yadullāhi) is over their hands.” (Q 48:10) He said: “So glory
to Him in whose hands (yadihī) is the dominion of all things: and to Him will
you be all brought back.” (Q 36:83) He said: “You endow with honor whom you
please, and you bring low whom you please: In your hand (yadika) is all good.
Verily, over all things you have power.” (Q 3:26) He declared: “See they not
that it is we who have created for them –among the things which our hands
(aydīnā) have fashioned – cattle?” (Q 36:71) 11. Argument from the Prophetic Ḥadīth
[Now
we present] the Prophetic ḥadīths which prove that Allah has hands. These
ḥadīths accord to the verses of the holy Qur’ān and in no way contradict
them. Allāh has made his Prophet impartial. He bestowed upon the Prophet His
blessings. He increased His grace to him so that he might say what accords to
Allāh’s revealed verses. 58.
(1). Aḥmad b. ‘Abdah al-Ḍaby → Ḥammād b. Zayd →
Maṭar al-Wāriq → ‘Abdullāh b. Barīdah: Yaḥya
b. Ya‘mar narrated a ḥadīth
which starts from the following introduction: “When Ma‘bad
al-Jahmī
expressed his view on predetermination (qadr) [………] He
then narrated the complete story which includes the following part. I have
included this ḥadīth in the chapters on Faith (kitāb al-‘īmān): ‘Abdullāh
b. ‘Umar → ‘Umar
b. al-Khaṭṭāb → the
Prophet: Adam
happened to come across Moses. Moses said to him: “You are the one whom Allah
created with His own hands, before whom the angels prostrated and in whose
body the Almighty blew His spirit? Then He commanded you something and you
disobeyed Him. Thus you got us expelled from the Jannah (Paradise).” Adam
said to Moses in response: “Allah gave you the Torah. Do you not find in it
that this sin was written in my name before I practically committed it?” This
way Adam argued againt Moses. 59.
(2) ‘Abdullāh b. Muḥammad al-Zahrī → Sufyān → Abū al-Zanād → al-A‘raj → Abū Hurayrah → the
Prophet: Moses
and Adam argued. Moses said: “O Adam, you are our father. You let us down and
threw us out of the Jannah (Paradise).” Adam said, “Allah has chosen you to
speak to you and He wrote Torah for you with His own hands. Do you blame me
for which that Allāh ordained for me forty years before He created me?” Thus
Moses and Adam argued. 60.
(3) ‘Amr b. ‘Alī → al-Mu‘tamir →
Muḥammad b. ‘Amr → Abū Salmā → Abū Hurayrah → the
Prophet: Moses
and Adam argued…… ‘Amr narrated the whole ḥadīth. 61.
(4) ‘Amr → Yaḥyā b. Sa‘īd →
Muḥammad b. ‘Amr → Abū Salmā → Abū Hurayrah and ‘Amr → Abū Salmā → Abū Hurayrah the Messenger of
Allah: ‘Amr
b. Murrah narrated to us the ḥadīth. The
same ḥadīth has been reported by Yaḥyā b. Ḥakīm from ‘Abd al-Wahhāb from Muḥammad b. ‘Amr: 62.
(5) Aḥmad b. Thābit al-Jaḥdarī → Ṣafān (Ibn. ‘Īsā) →
al-Ḥarath b. ‘Abd
al-Rahmān → Yazīd b. Hurmuz → Abū Hurayrah → the
Prophet: Adam
and Moses argued. Moses said: “You are Adam. Allāh created you with his
hands.….” (Aḥmad
b. Thābit mentioned the whole ḥadīth.) I
have included thid ḥadịth in the chapter on predestination (Kitāb al-Qadr). Aḥmad
b. Thābiṭ → Ṣafwān →
al-Harath → ‘Abd
al-Rahmān b.
Harmaz al-A‘raj → Abū Hurayrah: Aḥmad
b. Thābiṭ narrated the same ḥadīth
without addition or deletion. 63.
(6) Muḥammad b. Bishār and Abū Mūsā → Yaḥyā → Bundār →
Muḥammd b. ‘Amr: [Muḥammad
b. Bishār] → Abū Mūsā →
Muḥammad b. ‘Amr → Abū Salmā → Abū Hurayrah → the
Prophet: Adam
and Moses argued. Moses said to Adam: “You are Adam whom Allāh created with
His own hands. He breathed into you His spirit and made paradise your abode…”
The
narrator mentioned the whole ḥadīth. 64.
(7) Yūsuf b. Mūsā → Jarīr → al-A‘mash → Abū Sāliḥ → Abū Hurayrah → the
Messenger of Allah: Adam
and Moses argued. Moses said to Adam: “O Adam! Allāh created you with His
hands and breathed into you His spirit…” The
narrator reported the whole ḥadīth. Muḥammad
b. Bishār → Yaḥyā b.
Ḥamād → Abū ‘Awānah →
Sulaymān (al-A‘mash): This
very ḥadīth. Abū
Bakr said: I have included the narratives on this subject in Kitāb al-Qadr
(Chapter on Predestination). Abū
Bakr said: Moses, the Kalīm Allāh, addressed Adam and said to him that Allāh
created him with His hands and breathed into him His spirit. This fact
accords to the Qur’ānic assertion on the subject. Allah has, in the holy
Qur’ān, told the believers that He crated Adam with his hands. 12. A Sound Narrative proving that Allāh has
Hands
One of
the reliable reports ascribed to the Prophet proves that Allāh wrote Torah
with His hands for His Messenger, Moses in spite of Jahmīs. 65.
(1). ‘Abd al-Jabbār b. al-‘Ulā’ al-Makkī → Sufyān → ‘Amr b. Dīnār → Ṭā’ūs → Abū Hurayrah → the
Prophet: Adam
and Moses argued. Moses said to Adam: “O Adam! You are our father. You let us
down and got us expelled from Jannah (Paradise).” Adam responded: “O Moses!
Allāh chose you as His kalīm (the one who talked to Allah). He wrote Torah
for you with His hands. You blame me concerning your fate which Allāh decided
forty years before He created me.” The
Prophet said: “Thus Adam argued with Moses.” Al-Hasan
b. Muḥammad al-Za‘farānī → Sufyān b. ‘Uaynah → ‘Amr, the son of Dīnār → Ṭa’ūs → Abū Hurayrah → the
Prophet: This
isnād too attaches the ḥadīth with the following addition. [Adam said to
Moses]: “Allah wrote Torah for you with His hands.” The narrator did not
mention the words: “Adam argued with Moses.” ‘Amar
b. ‘Alī → Sufyān → ‘Amr b. Dīnār → Ṭā’ūs → Abū Hurayrah → the
Prophet: The
same as the narrative reported by ‘Abd al-Jabbār above which included the
words: “And He wrote for you (laka) the Torah with His hands. The word talūmu
(you censure) have been changed to ’atalūmunī (do you censure me?) 66.
(2) Abū Mūsā → Muḥammad b. Abī ‘Adī → Shu‘bah → Qatādah → Anas
b. Mālik → the
Prophet of Allah: Believers
will gather on the Day of Judgment. They will be melting and seem to grow old
under the circumstance. They will think if they sought someone’s intercession
with Allah He might relieve them from this situation. They will go to Adam
and ask him: “O Adam, you are the father of all mankind. Allāh created you
with His hands. Angels prostrated before you. Allāh taught you the names of
all the things […] The
narrator mentioned the long ḥadīth. Abū
Bakr said: I have mentioned the report of Shu‘bah from Qatādah in the
chapters on Shafā‘ah (intercession) 67.
(3) Yaḥyā b. Ḥabīb b.
al-Ḥārithī → al-Mu‘tamir b. Sulaymān → his
father: Sulaymān → Abū Sāliḥ → Abū Hurayrah → the
Prophet: Adam
and Moses argued. Moses said to Adam: “O Adam, You are the one whom Allāh
created with His hand and into whom He breathed His spirit. You betrayed the
humanity and got them out of Jannah (Paradise)?” Adam responded: “O Moses,
Allāh chose you as His kalīm. You are holding me responsible for an action
which Allāh decreed for me before creation of earth and the heavens?” (The
Prophet said), “Adam argued with Moses.” I have
included the narratives on the subject in Kitab al-Qadr (Chapter on
Predestination). 13. The Third Prophetic Narrative proving Hands
for Allāh
Allāh
has ordained for Him that His mercy will dominate His wrath. In this regard,
we will discuss in this chapter two attributes for our creator which He
himself proved in His favor in the holy Qur’ān. He mentioned His nafs and His
hands together. This I do in spite of the Jahmīs. 68.
(1) Yaḥyā b. Ḥabīb
al-Ḥarithī → Khālid b. Kurayb (Ibn al-Ḥarath)
→
Muḥammad b. ‘Ajlān →
Muḥammad b. al-‘Ulā’ b. Kurayb and ‘Abdullāh
b. Sa‘īd al-’Ashaj → Abū Khālid b. Ibn ‘Ajlān → his
father → Abū
Hurayrah → the Messenger of Allah: When
Allāh created the creatures, He ordained for Himself: “My blessing will
dominate my wrath.” 69.
(2) Muḥammad b. Bashshār → Yaḥyā → Ibn ‘Ajlān → [The
same as above]: When
Allāh created Adam, He wrote it for Himself that His mercy would dominate His
wrath. 70.
(3) Yaḥyā b. Ḥakīm → Yaḥyā b. Sa‘īd →
Muḥammad b. ‘Ajlān → Abū Hurayrah →
Prophet: When
the Almighty created the world He prescribed for Himself that His blessing
would dominate His wrath. 71.
(4) Yaḥyā b. Ḥakīm → Abū ???????→ al-A‘mash → Dhakwān → Abū Hurayrah → the
Prophet: When
Allāh created the world he wrote on a paper and put it over the throne. [It
was written on the paper]: “My blessing will dominate My fury.” 14. The Fourth Prophetic Ḥadīth on that the
Creator has Hands
This
proves that Allāh has two hands. This narrative too conforms to the holy
Qur’ān on that He created Adam with his two hands. The holy Qur’ān also
mentions that His hands are open (generous). He spends as He likes. 72.
(1) Yūsuf b. Mūsā → Jarīr and Ibn Fuḍayl → Ibrāhīm al-Hijrī and also Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā → Ja‘far b. ‘Awf → Ibrāhīm al-Hijrī → Abū al-Aḥwaṣ → ‘Abdullāh → the
Messenger of Allah: Allāh
opens the doors to the heavens during the third part of the night. He
stretches His hands and says: “Is there anyone who asks me so that I may give
him.” He further said: “Allāh goes on saying this till dawn.” Ibn Yaḥyā said that Allah stretches His
hands and says: “Is
there anybody who asks from Me so that I may give him?” Abū
Bakr said. I have mentioned the entire text of the ḥadīth in my book. We
mention the descent of Allah without making clear the mode of His coming down
because we do not ascribe to Allah except that which He has attributed to
Himself in His Book or which he told us through His Prophet and which has
reached us through chains of reliable narrators without a break. We do not
adduce any mursal nor baseless
narratives. Similarly, we do not base anything regarding the attributes of
Allah on conjectures and personal reasoning. 15. The Fifth Prophetic Tradition Proving that
Allah has Hands
This
narrative says that Allah has hands with which He accepts alms of the
believers. He is above than that His hands should be like that of His
creatures. 73.
(1) Muḥammad b. Bashshār → Yazīd (Ibn. Hārūn) →
Muḥammad b. ‘Amr → Sa‘īd b. Abī Sa‘īd, the freed slave of al-Mahrī → Abū Hurayrah → the
Messenger of Allah: If
anyone among you gives away a pure piece of date in the name of Allāh—and
Allāh does not accept but what is pure— Allāh takes it in His right hand and
nourishes it as any of you nourishes his foal or camel, until it is as big as
the mountain Uḥud. 74.
(2) Muḥammad → Yazīd b. Hārūn →
Muḥammad i.e. Ibn ‘Amr → Sa‘īd b. Abī Sa‘īd, the freed slave of al-Mahrī → Abū Hurayrah → the Prophet: When
someone among you gives charity in Allāh’s way, even a piece of date — and
Allāh does not accept but a pure thing,—He puts it on His palm and feeds it
like any of you who feeds his horse or camel, until it grows bigger like a
mountain in His hands. Abū
Bakr said. This word, i.e. ta‘ūdu (it becomes) is at times used to connote
that something returns to its original position. I say that the Arabs use the
word ‘awd (he/it returned) to mean ṣāra
(he/it became). It is
certainly known that the date which a giver gives in charity was not
originally as big as a mountain before it was given in the name of Allah. So
it cannot be assumed that at the time it was spent it fitted in the hands of
the giver and then, once, given away, Allāh turned it into its original
position making it as big as a mountain. In
fact, the piece of date is actually a piece of date fitting in the hand of
the almsgiver. When it is given away, Allāh almighty makes it as big as a
mountain. The
meaning of the sentence “(ḥattā ta‘ūda mithla al-jabal) is that “until it becomes like a
mountain.” So understand the vastness of the language of the Arabs, do not
cheat and fall in error. Do not assume that a muẓāhir (the one who declares his
wife ḥarām to
him like his mother) does not incur atonement until he declares the vow
twice. This view goes against the Sunnah of the Chosen Prophet and the
viewpoint of the scholars on the issue. I have clarified this
misunderstanding in the proper place. …..
(3) Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā → Ya‘lā →
Muhammad b. ‘Amr → Sa‘īd b. Abī Sa‘īd → –Abū Hurayrah →: The
above mentioned ḥadīth without explicitly ascribing it to the Prophet. 75.
(4) Muḥammad → Yūnas b. ‘Abd al-A‘lā → Ibn
Wahb → Hishām (b. Sa‘d) → Zayd
b. Aslam → Abū Ṣāliḥ → Abū Hurayrah → the
Prophet: If
somebody gives in charity what he has earned lawfully, Allāh takes it in His
right hand, then He feeds it as you feed your horse or camel until the piece
equals a mountain in size. 76.
(5) Muḥammad b. Bashshār → Yaḥyā (b. Sa‘īd) → Ibn ‘Ajlān → Sa‘īd b. Yassār → Abū Hurayrah → the
Prophet: One
gives away from his lawful earnings in charity—and Allāh does not accept but
lawful things and nothing ascends to the heavens until it is pure—it stays in
the palm of the Compassionate, He nourishes it as does He nourishes you for a
long time until the piece grows as big as a great mountain. …..
(6) Aḥmad b. ‘Abd
al-Rahmān b.
Wahb → his
uncle → Hishām Ibn Sa‘d: A
ḥadīth similar to that of Yūnas. 77.
(7) Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā → Ibn Abī Maryam → Bakr
(b. Muḍar) → Ibn ‘Ajlān → Abū al-Ḥibāb → Sa‘īd b. Yassār →Abū Hurayrah → the
Messenger of Allah: A
similar statement, which includes: “But he puts it in the hand of the most
Compassionate (al-raḥmān) or
on the palm of the hand of the most Compassionate (al-raḥmān).” He added further: “Until the date becomes as great
as a big heavy mountain.” 78.
(8) Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā →Ibn Abī Maryam →
al-Layth → Sa‘īd b.
Abī Sa‘īd al-Muqbirī → Sa‘īd b. Yassār , brother of Abū Mazrad → Abū Hurayrah →the
Prophet: When
someone gives something in charity from his lawful and pure earnings—and
Allāh does not accept but lawful and pure things—Allāh takes it in His right
hand even if it is as small as a date stone. It keeps on growing on the hand
of the most Compassionate (al-raḥmān)
till it becomes bigger than the greatest mountain. [Allah feeds it as] you
feed your pony or camel. 78.
(9) Muhammad → Hishām b. ‘Ammār →
Sadaqah → Ibn Abī Dhi’b →
al-Muqbirī → Sa‘īd b. Yassār → Abū Hurayrah → the
Prophet: One
who gives in charity…. 79.
(10) Abū Yaḥyā too
reported this ḥadīth
reported by Ibn Abī Maryam. Yūnas
b. ‘Abd al-A‘lā → Ibn Wahb →Mālik →Yaḥyā b. Sa‘īd → Sa‘īd b. Yassār → Abū Hurayrah → the
Prophet of Allah : One
who gives in Allāh’s way from his lawful earnings—and Allāh does not accept
but lawful earnings — he puts it in the palm of the Raḥmān (the most
Compassionate) Allah who nourishes it as you nourish your foal or camel until
it becomes like a mountain. …..
(11) Yūnas [following the above narrative] →Yaḥyā b. ‘Abdullāh b. Bukayr → Mālik → Yaḥyā b. Sa‘īd → Sa‘īd b. Yassār →Abū Hurayrah the Prophet: The
same ḥadīth. …..
(12) Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā → ‘Abdullāh b. Nāfi‘ → Rawḥ
→ Mālik → Yaḥyā b. Sa‘īd → Sa‘īd b. Yassār → Abū al-Ḥibāb → Ibn Nāfi‘ → Abū Hurayrah : Ibn
Yaḥyā said that the Prophet said so and so. He narrated a similar ḥadīth.
He added: “He puts it on the palm of the rahmān (the Most Compassionate).” …..
(13) Muḥammad → Ya‘lā b. ‘Ubayd (‘Abīd) → Yaḥyā (b. Sa‘īd) → Sa‘īd b. Yassār Abī al-Ḥabāb → Abū Hurayrah: This
very ḥadīth, [with the following change in the wording]: “Except he puts it
at the palm of the most Compassionate (al-raḥmān) so that Allāh grows it ………..” Abū
Bakr said: I have mentioned this ḥadīth in
Kitāb al-Ṣadaqāt in the first chapter among
the ones on supererogatory alms. 80.
(14) Maḥmūd b. Ghaylān → Wahb b. Jarīr b. Ḥāzim b. al-‘Abbās → his
father → ‘Abīd Allāh b. ‘Umar → Ḥabīb b. ‘Abd al-Rahmān →
Ḥafṣ b. ‘Āṣim → Abū Hurayrah ( → the
Prophet: When a
person gives in Allāh’s way from his lawful earnings —and Allāh does not
accept but pure things— Allāh takes the given away date or a piece of food it
in His right hand and grows it as any of you cares for his horse or camel
until it becomes as great as the mountain of ‘Uḥod. 81.
(15) Al-Ḥusayn b. al-Ḥasan → ‘Utbah b. ‘Abdullāh → Ibn Mubārak
→ ‘Ubayd allah b. ‘Umar → Sa‘īd al-Muqbirī → Abū al-Ḥibāb (Sa‘īd b. Yassār → Abū Hurayrah → the
Prophet: When a
Muslim gives something in charity of his lawful earnings—and Allāh does not
accept but lawful things—Allāh takes it in His right hand and feeds it as any
one of you feeds his foal or a camel, until the given away date grows as big
as the mountain of Uḥod. ‘Utbah said: “His foal or his camel”. [Abū Bakr
says:] I do not remember if ‘Utbah used the words mithla Uḥod (like Uḥod). 82.
(16) Muḥammad b. Rafi‘ and ‘Abd al-Raḥmān b.
Bishr b. al-Ḥakam → ‘Abd al-Razzāq → Ma‘mar → Ayyūb → al-Qāsim b. Muḥammad → Abū Hurayrah → the
Prophet: Allah
accepts from a servant who gives in charity some of his pure and lawful
earnings. Allāh takes it in His right hand and nourishes it you do nourish
your horse or camel. When a person spends a morsel in Allah’s way it develops
in the hands of the Almighty (or in the palm of Allāh) until it grows like a
mountain. So give in charity. |
(10): باب ذكر إثبات اليد للخالق البارئ (جل
وعلا)):
والبيان: أن الله (تعالى)
له يدان، كما أعلمنا قي محكم تنزيله أنه خلق آدم ‘ بيديه. قال (عز وجل) لإبليس: (ما منعك أن تسجد لما خلقت بيدي). وقالجل وعلا تكذيبا لليهود حين قالوا: (يد الله مغلولة) فكذبهم
في مقالتهم، وقال: بل يداه مبسوطتان ينفق كيف يشاء). وأعلمنا أن
الأرض جميعاً قبضته يوم القيامة، والسموات مطويات بيمينه و (يد الله فوق أيديهم)
وقال: (فسبحان الذي ملكوت كل شيء وإليه ترجعون). وقال: (تعز من تشاء وتذل
من تشاء بيدك الخير انك على كل شيء قدير) وقال: (أو لم يروا أنا خلقنا لهم مما
عملت أيدينا أنعاماً).
|
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